Chemical & Engineering News
October 13, 1997
Copyright © 1997 by the American Chemical Society
| Market availability (years) | Range per chargea (miles) | Life (years) | Cycle lifeb | Cost ($ per kWh) | Specific energy (watt-hours per kg) | Energy density (watt-hours per L) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BATTERY GOALS | |||||||
| Midterm goalc | -- | -- | 5 | 600 | <$150 | 80-100 | 135 |
| Long-term goald | -- | -- | 10 | 1,000 | <$100 | 200 | 300 |
| CURRENT STATUS | |||||||
| Nickel-cadmium | Available | 65-140 | 8 | 700-1,200 | $300-$500 | 45-55 | 100-150 |
| Lead-acid | Available | 50-70 | 2-3 | 300-400 | $150-$200 | 35-40 | 100-130 |
| Nickel-metal hydride | Available | 100-120 | 8 | 700-1,200 | $300-$700 | High 60s-70s | 150-200 |
| Lithium-ion or lithium-polymer | 1-4 | 150-300 | 5-10 | 400-1,200 | $150-$220 | 100-150 | 100-200 |
a USABC did not set range goals. Range depends on
vehicle and battery size. b Number of discharges in battery lifetime.
c Goals approximately for 1998. d Goals for beyond 2000.